11? 7?, ????? ???? ???????????? ???? ??? ?3? ‘?? ??? ??·?? ???? ????’ ???? ???? ???? ? ? 23?? ????? ????? ‘?? ??? ??·?? ???? ????’??? ?????. ?????? ???(珠心算)???? ?? ???? ????? ???? ‘?? ??? ??·?? ???? ????’ ??? ??? ???.

?? ?????? ???(珠心算)???? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ?? ???? 1994? 11?? ?? ??? ?????? ??????? ????? ????. ?? ? ???????? ????? ??? ????? ?? ??? ????? ??? ?? ??? ???? ????????? ???? ? ??? ??? ??? ‘?? ?? ????’? ????. ?? ??? ???? ??, ????, ??? ??? ?????? ‘?? ??’ ??? ??? ??? ????? ??? ???? ????? ????? ??. 2019?, 0.24?? ??? ??? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ????? ?? ?1??? ???? 2022??? ?? ?6? ??????? ????.

???? ???? ??? ‘??????’, ???‘???????’, ‘??? ????’, ‘?? ??? ??·?? ???? ????’ ? ??? ?????.